What is a cooling tower water treatment system and how. Sodium chlorite treatment of cooling water with chlorine. The nalco water handbook, fourth edition, explains water management fundamentals and clearly shows how to improve water quality, minimize usage, and optimize treatment. This public works technical bulletin pwtb transmits the industrial water treatment procedures handbook. Cooling towers clicking on a companys name will take you to their web site. Related commercial resources ashrae handbook hvac systems and equipment chapter. The metro handbook of water treatment for hvac systems 4 1 introduction this book discusses the technology of treating water for use in commercial and industrial heat. Cooling towers began to see efforts of water treatment during the 1930s. There are no claims, however, that magnetic devices control microbial growth in cooling tower. The procedures provide information on the application. Treatment of cooling water will be different depending upon the kind of system in use. From the sump cool water is pumped back to the heat exchanger.
Cooling towers overcome most of these problems and therefore are commonly used to dissipate heat from water cooled refrigera tion, airconditioning, and industrial process systems. Water treatment for cooling towers 1 of 2 water treatment helps ensure that heattransfer surfaces perform to design specifications by amanda meitz, senior microbiologist, nalco diversified technologies, inc. In this type of cooling tower the water to be cooled is distributed evenly. Chapter 8 cooling towers system shutdown and start. Cooling tower cycles of concentration cycle of concentration coc ratio of concentration in dissolved solids blowdown vs makeup water typical coc 2. Chemtreat field engineers are experts at customizing treatment programs to ensure heat exchangers operate at peak efficiency and the cooling water system effectively reduces the process fluid temperature. The fan at the top of the tower induces a draft, which causes water evaporation and cooling. Our cooling tower water treatment programs are designed to provide proper chemical water treatment and preventive maintenance of open recirculating, oncethrough and closed recirculating cooling tower. The cooling water handbook a basic guide to understanding industrial cooling water systems.
In technical terms, cooling towers are engineered and designed based on a specified cooling load, expressed in refrigeration tons. Chemical treatment of water for cooling and heating systems prepared and presented by. They require specialized maintenance to ensure safe, efficient, and reliable operation, including an effective water treatment program. A basic understanding of the system water distribution shall be established in order to properly operate and maintain a cooling tower on a water. The circulating cooling water is treated to minimise scaling and fouling and to remove particulates. Cooling towers are recirculating water systems used to remove heat from building air conditioning equipment and industrial processes. Examples of the most common applications for cooling tower water treatment include cooling the water used in petrochemical plants, oil refineries, hvac systems for cooling. Cooling tower blowdown treatment is managed by using conductivity sensors to monitor cooling tower makeup water. The specific configuration of your system will depend on several things, including. The evaporation can by estimated from a heat balance around the cooling tower.
Evapco is dedicated to designing and manufacturing the highest quality products for the evaporative cooling. Outline water mechanical systems requiring water treatment. The flow of air through this tower is dependent upon wind velocity and upon the draft produced by the chimney design of the tower. Cooling tower water treatment application note sensorex.
The metro handbook nashville district energy system. The primary treatment was ph adjustment with either acids or alkalis. The cooling tower cell is generally part of a larger system that requires startup by a technician with knowledge about the entire system. Technical reference for water conservation in cooling towers. A cooling tower water treatment system is an arrangement of technologies that remove damaging impurities from your cooling tower feed water, circulation water, andor blowdown. Technical reference for water conservation in cooling towers 1st edition. Chapter 03 applying quality methods to water treatment. The water consumption rate of a cooling tower system is only about 5% of that of a oncethrough system, making it the least expensive system to. Chemical treatment of water for cooling and heating systems. In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby. The basics of cooling tower water treatment the purpose of a cooling tower is to remove the heat generated by an hvac system cooling of compressor refrigerant and heat generated by the compressor itself. Water treatment cooling towers, evaporative condensers. Cooling towers are characterized by shape, flow relationship of air and water.
This is accomplished by pumping the warm cooling water from the condenser to a cooling tower where the waste heat is dissipated. One of the primary differentiations between cooling towers is whether it is an open or closedcircuit tower. Makeup water water added to the system to replace water lost through evaporation, bleed of and windage recirculation the rate at which water circulates in the cooling tower in m 3 hour litressec bleed off water deliberately bled from the system to prevent the cooling system water. These solids concentrate and increase the scaling, corrosion, and fouling potential of the water. Based on the reading from the sensors, a conductivity controller can open or close valves, allowing automatic cooling tower bleed off or side stream filtration. Guides and recommended procedures for water treatment forms annual report. Chapter 01 water sources, impurities in water and chemistry. As the universal solvent, water is capable of dissolving a variety of materials as well as holding. The cooling effect occurs because some of the water evaporates into a stream of air in contact with the water within the cooling tower.
The langelier saturation index lsi was developed in 1936. Cooling is accomplished through the latent heat of vaporization. Best management practice and guidance manual for cooling towers. Cooling towers can cycle water numerous times before the water becomes saturated and must. Operators can reduce cooling tower water consumption by. Other system components that generally accompany the cooling tower cell include an indoor reservoir, process and cooling tower pumps, a water filteringsystem, a control system and a water treatment.
As water evaporates in a cooling tower, dissolved solids and suspended solids remain behind. Wintecs cooling water system on air conditioning chiller drift with legionella bacteria cooled air ahu air handling unit cooling tower cooling water chilled water. This requires a rapid response, accurate detection and a tailored program to control biological growth. Pdf the nalco water handbook 2nd edition hamzah zuhdi. Cooling towers are constantly exposed to environmental contaminants and bacteria. Cooling tower blowdown water and wastewater from raw water treating may or may not receive treatment at the wastewater treatment. Cooling towers of type ewkda are mechanical draught series type cooling towers working in counter flow principle.
Guides and recommended procedures for water treatment. Chapter 25 deposit and scale control cooling system. Treatment of water for cooling towers code of practice first revision see other formats disclosure to promote the right to information whereas the. In open towers, the cooling water is pumped through the equipment where it picks up thermal energy and then flows directly to the cooling tower.
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